<![CDATA[Digital transformation in land administration in Indonesia is driving a shift in the medium for proving land rights—moving from physical, document-based certificates to Electronic Certificates (Sertipikat-el). This policy is part of the modernization of the land registration system, regulated by the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) Number 1 of 2021 and reinforced by ATR/BPN Regulation Number 3 of 2023. This study aims to analyze the juridical essence of transitioning land certificates from physical to electronic formats, examine the legal standing and evidentiary weight of the Sertipikat-el within the Indonesian legal system, and identify the legal and implementation challenges in ensuring legal certainty for rights holders. The study employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the digitalization of land certificates represents a normative continuity within the land registration system rather than the creation of a new land law regime. The changes do not alter the substance of civil land rights but rather concern the transformation of the medium, governance, and document authenticity verification mechanisms. The Sertipikat-el possesses legal standing and evidentiary weight equivalent to physical certificates, provided it meets the requirements of authenticity, integrity, and electronic system reliability—principles enshrined in the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions. However, implementation still faces issues such as disparities in institutional readiness, low public digital literacy, cybersecurity risks, and suboptimal mechanisms for accountability and rights restoration in the event of system failure. The study concludes that the success of land certificate digitalization must be measured not only by normative validity but also by the system's ability to effectively guarantee legal certainty, data protection, and the security of rights for certificate holders.]]>
