<![CDATA[Abstract. Environmental pollution caused by corporate activities remains one of the major challenges in environmental law enforcement in Indonesia. One of the cases that has attracted public attention is the alleged Chromium-6 (Cr6) pollution resulting from mining and nickel processing activities conducted by PT Harita in Obi Island, North Maluku. Chromium-6 is classified as a hazardous heavy metal with carcinogenic properties that pose significant risks to ecosystems and public health. This study aims to analyze the implementation of corporate criminal liability in the alleged Chromium-6 pollution case under Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. This research employed a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches supported by secondary legal materials consisting of legislation, legal doctrines, scientific journals, and relevant literature. The findings indicate that the alleged environmental pollution fulfills the legal elements of environmental crimes regulated under the Environmental Protection and Management Law. Corporate criminal liability may be imposed through the doctrines of identification, vicarious liability, and corporate culture. Nevertheless, the implementation of criminal law enforcement remains constrained by difficulties in proving corporate fault, limitations in scientific evidence, and conflicts between environmental protection and economic interests. Therefore, strengthening environmental law enforcement institutions, improving scientific evidence mechanisms, and optimizing corporate criminal liability policies are necessary to ensure environmental justice and sustainable development. Abstrak. Pencemaran lingkungan akibat aktivitas korporasi masih menjadi salah satu tantangan utama dalam penegakan hukum lingkungan di Indonesia. Salah satu kasus yang memperoleh perhatian publik adalah dugaan pencemaran logam berat Chromium-6 (Cr6) yang berasal dari aktivitas pertambangan dan pengolahan nikel PT Harita di Pulau Obi, Maluku Utara. Chromium-6 merupakan logam berat yang bersifat karsinogenik sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan dampak serius terhadap ekosistem maupun kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi dalam dugaan pencemaran Chromium-6 berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual yang didukung oleh bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dugaan pencemaran tersebut telah memenuhi unsur tindak pidana lingkungan hidup sebagaimana diatur dalam UUPPLH. Pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap korporasi dapat diterapkan melalui doktrin identification, vicarious liability, dan corporate culture. Namun demikian, implementasi penegakan hukum masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, antara lain pembuktian kesalahan korporasi, keterbatasan pembuktian ilmiah, serta tarik-menarik kepentingan ekonomi dengan perlindungan lingkungan hidup. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan kelembagaan penegakan hukum lingkungan, optimalisasi mekanisme pembuktian ilmiah, dan penguatan kebijakan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi guna mewujudkan keadilan lingkungan dan pembangunan berkelanjutan.]]>
