<![CDATA[Historic reinforced concrete domes represent valuable cultural and architectural heritage that requires accurate geometric assessment to ensure their structural stability and support long-term conservation. This study proposes an integrated methodology for assessing the geometric deviations of a historic reinforced concrete dome at St. Mary and St. Joseph Church in Alexandria, Egypt. The proposed methods combine UAV close-range photogrammetry, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and total station observations to generate high-resolution three-dimensional models and evaluate the as-built geometry against the theoretical design. Cross-sectional and geometric analyses were performed to investigate radial, vertical, horizontal, and centric deviations, while the reliability of the photogrammetric data was verified through camera calibration and comparison with independent geodetic measurements. The results demonstrated that the integrated methodology successfully identified geometric irregularities and deformation patterns with a high level of consistency among the three surveying techniques. The validation process confirmed the reliability of UAV photogrammetry for structural deformation assessment when integrated with TLS. The proposed framework provides a practical and accurate solution for the geometric evaluation and long-term monitoring of historic concrete domes, contributing to improved structural condition assessment and supporting maintenance, conservation, and heritage preservation programs.]]>
