<![CDATA[HIGHLIGHTS In women at elevated risk, trachomatis infection is not invariably linked to other sexually transmitted infections, such as bacterial vaginosis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Integrated screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection and other STIs is crucial for the early detection and prevention of reproductive complications in women, particularly in regions with restricted access to STI screening facilities. ABSTRACT Objective: Chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that has a high potential to cause serious reproductive complications, especially in women. Unfortunately, testing for Chlamydia trachomatis infection is still rarely performed compared to testing for other sexually transmitted infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between CT infection and BV or GO in high-risk women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 92 sexually active women in a coastal village in Jember Regency, Indonesia. Endocervical samples were examined for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) using direct immunofluorescence. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was diagnosed by wet mount and KOH testing, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GO) infection was diagnosed by Gram staining. Associations were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact tests, followed by binary logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: CT infection was detected in 35 women (38%), BV in 68 (73.9%), and GO in 2 (2.2%). CT was not significantly associated with BV (p = 0.263) or GO (p = 0.523). In multivariate analysis, BV was not independently associated with CT infection (aOR 1.15; 95% CI 0.43–3.12; p = 0.780), while the effect of GO could not be estimated due to the small number of cases. Conclusion: No substantial association was observed between CT infection and either BV or GO. To facilitate the early detection of STIs, CT screening should be conducted concurrently with other STI tests, particularly in resource-limited areas with high-risk populations.]]>
