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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease
Salma Zulqaida
Department of Immunology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya
Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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The Effect of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Leaf Extract Concentration as an Anti-Fungal on the Growth of Malassezia furfur In Vitro Silvia Indah Ramadhany; Poncojari Wahyono; Salma Zulqaida; Fendy Hardian Permana; Heny Arwati; Lucia Tri Suwanti
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i2.78475

Abstract

Malassezia furfur is a normal fungal flora on human skin and can act as a pathogen under certain conditions, causing skin disorders such as pityriasis versicolor.  Conventional anti-fungal drugs, such as ketoconazole, may lead to adverse effects and contribute to the development of anti-fungal drug resistance. Consequently, there is growing interest in exploring anti-fungal compounds from natural plant sources as potential alternative treatments.  This study aimed to evaluate the anti-fungal potential of ethanol extracts of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) leaves against M. furfur. The research utilized a quantitative true experimental approach with a post-test only control group design.  Bitter melon leaf extracts were prepared using the maceration method with 96% ethanol as the extraction solvent. Anti-fungal activity was assessed using the well diffusion method on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) at extract concentrations of 0% (negative control), 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% (w/v). The inhibition zones were measured to determine anti-fungal activity of each concentration. One-way ANOVA analysis showed a significant effect of extract concentration on M. furfur growth [F(5,18) = 6.022, p = 0.001], with distinct inhibition zone diameters observed among the treatment concentration groups. The highest anti-fungal activity was observed at a concentration of 2.5% extract, producing an average inhibition zone of 3.30 mm. These findings indicate that bitter melon leaf extract has potential as a natural alternative anti-fungal agent against M. furfur.  However, as this study was conducted in vitro and cannot fully represent the pharmacological effects in vivo conditions, further studies involving animal models are necessary.
Co-Authors Fendy Hardian Permana Heny Arwati Lucia Tri Suwanti Poncojari Wahyono Silvia Indah Ramadhany