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All Journal International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics
Anton Anton
Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, and Universitas Nusa Mandiri
Computer Science & IT

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Channel-spatial dual-attention for plant disease detection: CBAM-ECA integrated CNN models with visual explainability Anton Anton; Supriadi Rustad; Guruh Fajar Shidik; Abdul Syukur
International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics Vol 12, No 3 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/ijain.v12i3.2377

Abstract

Early detection of plant leaf diseases is critical for minimizing crop losses and supporting precision agriculture. While Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have demonstrated high accuracy in image-based diagnosis, conventional architectures may not optimally balance spatial localization and channel-wise feature refinement, particularly in multi-crop classification settings. This study proposes a redundancy-aware dual-attention architecture, termed ATSA-DenseNet, which integrates the spatial branch of the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM-Spatial) with Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) within a DenseNet121 backbone. Unlike prior dual-attention frameworks that retain full CBAM and introduce channel-level redundancy, the proposed design isolates complementary spatial and channel mechanisms to improve representational efficiency without increasing computational complexity. The framework is evaluated on controlled multi-crop PlantVillage-derived datasets comprising tomato, potato, pepper, and maize. Across both 3-crop and 4-crop configuration, ATSA-DenseNet consistently outperforms baseline DenseNet121 and single-attention variants, achieving 99.94% accuracy and 0.9994 macro-F1 on the 4-crop setting while maintaining a lightweight footprint (6.96M parameters, 2.87G FLOPs). Grad-CAM visualizations indicate improved localization of disease-relevant regions compared to the baseline. While results are obtained under controlled imaging conditions, the findings demonstrate that redundancy-aware dual-attention enhances feature discrimination efficiency in multi-class agricultural classification tasks. Future work will extend validation to real-field datasets with natural variability.
Co-Authors Abdul Syukur Guruh Fajar Shidik SUPRIADI RUSTAD