Nazwa Divalya Raya Gunadi
Prodi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Syariah, Universitas Islam Bandung

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Keabsahan Akad Endorsement Intagram: Kajian Ijarah dan Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata Nazwa Divalya Raya Gunadi; Panji Adam Agus Putra; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 149-156
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.25061

Abstract

Abstract. The rapid growth of social media, particularly Instagram, has produced a new digital-marketing phenomenon in the form of endorsement services offered by influencers, most of which are arranged informally without written agreements, raising legal issues concerning contract validity, object clarity, and certainty of compensation. This study analyzes the endorsement practice of the Instagram account @selebgram_X from the perspective of fiqh muamalah, particularly the ijarah contract, and from the perspective of Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), then compares the conformity between both perspectives. A qualitative descriptive-analytical case-study method was used, with data obtained through in-depth interviews with the account owner, content observation, and documentation of the rate card and Terms and Conditions. The findings show the practice is partially compliant with both legal systems: the pillars of ijarah are substantively fulfilled, yet conditions such as content display duration, halal verification of skincare products, and formal valuation of bartered ujrah remain unmet. The subjective requirements of Article 1320 are met, while the objective requirements need improvement. Both systems are complementary, converging on clarity, voluntariness, and fairness, and harmonization can be pursued through more comprehensive written agreements and consistent disclosure of paid content. Abstrak. Perkembangan media sosial, khususnya Instagram, melahirkan fenomena baru dalam pemasaran digital berupa praktik jasa endorsement oleh influencer yang umumnya dilakukan secara informal tanpa perjanjian tertulis, sehingga menimbulkan persoalan hukum terkait keabsahan akad, kejelasan objek, dan kepastian kompensasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis praktik endorsement pada akun Instagram @selebgram_X dari perspektif fikih muamalah, khususnya akad ijarah, serta dari perspektif Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata, kemudian mengomparasikan kesesuaian kedua perspektif tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif-analisis dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pemilik akun, observasi konten, serta dokumentasi rate card dan Terms and Conditions (TNC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan praktik endorsement @selebgram_X bersifat partially compliant terhadap kedua sistem hukum. Rukun ijarah terpenuhi secara substantif, namun sejumlah syarat seperti durasi tayang konten, verifikasi kehalalan produk skincare, dan penyetaraan nilai ujrah barter belum terpenuhi optimal sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan gharar. Dari perspektif KUHPerdata, syarat subjektif terpenuhi, sedangkan syarat objektif, terutama kejelasan objek perjanjian, memerlukan penyempurnaan. Kedua sistem hukum terbukti bersifat komplementer, sama-sama menghendaki kejelasan, kesukarelaan, dan keadilan, sehingga harmonisasi dapat ditempuh melalui penyusunan perjanjian tertulis yang lebih komprehensif dan penerapan disclosure konten berbayar secara konsisten.