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All Journal Advances in Psychological Sciences and Applications Journal of Educational Technology Innovation and Applications
Nihal Tabassum
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Food Safety and Halal Food Authority
Religion Humanities Education Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Neuroscience Social Sciences Other

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The Invisible Burden: A Qualitative Study on the Emotional Well-being of Women Over 30 in Peshawar, Pakistan Samina Naz; Nihal Tabassum
Advances in Psychological Sciences and Applications Vol. 1 No. 03 (2025): Advances in Psychological Sciences and Applications
Publisher : The Indonesian Institute of Science and Technology Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56741/apsa.v1i03.1523

Abstract

The emotional well-being of women in traditional, patriarchal societies is often shaped by sociocultural pressures that differ significantly from Western contexts. This study explores the unique challenges faced by women over 30 in Peshawar, Pakistan, a city with strong Pashtun cultural norms. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 unmarried and married women aged 30-38. The findings reveal that the trajectory of psychological distress often begins at birth with a son-preference ideology, leading to restricted educational and career opportunities, limited personal autonomy, and sanctioned social control. A particularly significant finding is the prevalence of emotionally exploitative relationships, where male figures, often presented as friends or potential partners, leverage societal constraints to dominate and emotionally blackmail women, severely impacting their mental health. This control is framed within a discourse of religious and cultural propriety, creating intense internal conflict. The discussion highlights that these pressures systematically violate fundamental rights that are globally recognized, leading to chronic anxiety, depression, and a diminished sense of self-worth. The study concludes that the emotional well-being of these women is not merely a mental health issue but a direct consequence of structural inequality. It implies the need for culturally sensitive mental health interventions and robust policy frameworks that challenge the normative gender biases entrenched in the societal fabric.
Enjoyment or Mastery? A Critical Evidence-Based Analysis of Dominant Outcomes in Gamified Learning Nihal Tabassum; Talha; Ozal Saeed
Journal of Educational Technology Innovation and Applications Vol. 1 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Educational Technology Innovation and Applications
Publisher : The Indonesian Institute of Science and Technology Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56741/jetia.v1i03.1697

Abstract

This study investigates whether enjoyment or knowledge mastery plays a more dominant role in gamified learning environments. Using a semantic search across 138 million academic papers and systematic screening criteria, we identified empirical studies that measured both engagement-related and learning-related outcomes. Results reveal a conditional and sequential pattern rather than a single dominant effect. Enjoyment consistently drives initial engagement, supported by strong intrinsic motivation indicators and short-term affective gains. In contrast, mastery emerges more gradually and depends on the alignment of game elements with cognitive learning processes. Studies using superficial elements (e.g., points, badges) reported weaker learning effects, whereas meaningful game mechanics (challenges, feedback, narrative) fostered deeper understanding and retention. Comparative analyses show that enjoyment functions as a motivational catalyst, but mastery becomes dominant only when implementation fidelity is high and pedagogical objectives remain central. These findings highlight that effective gamification requires purposeful design that channels enjoyment into sustained learning pathways.
Co-Authors Ozal Saeed Samina Naz Talha