<![CDATA[Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and oxidative stress-related organ damage, including liver injury. This study evaluated the antihyperglycemic activity and liver histopathological effects of a nanoemulsion containing methanolic extract of Annona muricata L. leaves in alloxan-induced rats. The nanoemulsion exhibited an average droplet size of 13.96 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.216. Thirty-five male rats were divided into seven groups: normal control, negative control, positive control (glibenclamide), nanoemulsion-treated groups (140 and 280 mg/kg body weight), and conventional extract-treated groups at the same dose. Blood glucose levels were measured on days 0, 3, and 17, while liver histopathology was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Alloxan induction caused severe hyperglycemia and liver damage characterized by congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, vacuolization, fatty degeneration, and necrosis. Both nanoemulsion and conventional extract treatments significantly reduced blood glucose levels compared with the negative control. Nanoemulsion at 280 mg/kg body weight produced the greatest antihyperglycemic effect, reducing blood glucose levels by 79.8%, whereas the conventional extract reduced them by 77.1% at the same dose. Histopathological findings also demonstrated improved liver structure and reduced tissue damage, particularly in nanoemulsion-treated animals. These results suggest enhanced biological performance and therapeutic potential.]]>
