Muhamad Afgan Aulia Rahman
Prodi Hukum Keluarga Islam, Fakultas Syariah, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia.

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Analisis Maqashid Syariah terhadap Penetapan Wali Nikah Anak Luar Kawin Pasca Putusan MK No.46/PUU-VIII/2010 Muhamad Afgan Aulia Rahman; Ramdan Fawzi; Siska Lis Sulistiani
Bandung Conference Series: Islamic Family Law 151-158
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsifl.v6i2.25694

Abstract

Abstract. This study examines the determination of marriage guardians (wali nikah) for children born out of wedlock following Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 through the perspective of maqashid shari'ah. The decision recognizes a civil legal relationship between a child born out of wedlock and the biological father, provided that it can be scientifically proven. However, it raises legal issues regarding the biological father's status as a marriage guardian, as Islamic law requires a legitimate lineage (nasab) as the basis for guardianship. This study aims to examine the determination of marriage guardians for children born out of wedlock after the Constitutional Court's decision and to analyze it from the perspective of maqashid shari'ah. The research employs a normative legal method with a normative juridical approach through library research, analyzing statutory regulations, the Constitutional Court Decision, the Compilation of Islamic Law, MUI Fatwa No. 11 of 2012, and relevant fiqh literature. The findings indicate that Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 establishes only a civil legal relationship, not a legitimate nasab, and therefore does not grant the biological father the status of a marriage guardian. Consequently, the marriage guardian remains the wali hakim in accordance with the Compilation of Islamic Law. From the perspective of maqashid shari'ah, this provision is consistent with hifz ad-din and hifz an-nasl by safeguarding the validity of marriage, preserving legitimate lineage, and protecting the rights of children born out of wedlock. Harmonization between positive law and Islamic law is therefore necessary to ensure greater legal certainty regarding marriage guardianship.   Abstrak. Penelitian ini membahas penetapan wali nikah bagi anak luar kawin pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No.46/PUU-VIII/2010 melalui pendekatan maqashid syari’ah. Putusan tersebut mengakui hubungan keperdataan antara anak luar kawin dan ayah biologis yang dapat dibuktikan secara ilmiah, namun menimbulkan persoalan mengenai kedudukan ayah biologis sebagai wali nikah karena hukum Islam mensyaratkan hubungan nasab yang sah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji penetapan wali nikah bagi anak luar kawin pasca putusan tersebut serta menganalisisnya dari perspektif maqashid syari’ah. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, Putusan MK, Kompilasi Hukum Islam, Fatwa MUI No.11 Tahun 2012, dan literatur fikih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Putusan MK No.46/PUU-VIII/2010 hanya memberikan hubungan keperdataan, bukan nasab syar'i, sehingga ayah biologis tidak berkedudukan sebagai wali nasab. Oleh karena itu, wali nikah bagi anak luar kawin tetap wali hakim sesuai Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Dari perspektif maqashid syari’ah, ketentuan tersebut sejalan dengan hifz ad-din dan hifz an-nasl karena menjaga keabsahan akad nikah, kemurnian nasab, serta melindungi hak anak luar kawin. Harmonisasi hukum positif dan hukum Islam diperlukan untuk memberikan kepastian hukum mengenai perwalian nikah.