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All Journal POLITICA: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara dan Politik Islam
Muhammad Zuhri
Universitas Brawijaya
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Reconstructing Judges’ Legal Reasoning in Ultra Petita Rulings: Normative Parameters of Judicial Activism for Achieving Substantive Justice Muhammad Zuhri; Rachmi Sulistyarini; Mardian Wibowo
Politica: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara dan Politik Islam Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Politica: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara dan Politik Islam
Publisher : Prodi Tata Negara (Siyasah) IAIN Langsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32505/politica.v13i1.16071

Abstract

The prohibition against ultra petita under Article 178(3) of the HIR aims to ensure legal certainty. However, judicial practice sometimes permits ultra petita rulings in the interests of substantive justice and effective enforcement. The absence of measurable normative parameters has resulted in disparities in judicial decisions and legal uncertainty. This study aims to reconstruct judges’ legal reasoning (ratio decidendi) in issuing ultra petita rulings based on the principle of judicial activism. This normative legal study employs statutory, conceptual, case-based, and philosophical approaches. Legal materials were analyzed qualitatively and prescriptively by examining Supreme Court Decision No. 1090 K/Pdt/2018 alongside No. 840 PK/Pdt/2019 and comparative case law. An ultra petita ruling can only be justified when supported by an objective and measurable ratio decidendi, namely, when it has a direct causal relationship with the causa petendi, constitutes a logical consequence necessary for effective enforcement, and does not violate the principle of audi et alteram partem. The novelty of this study lies in the formulation of seven cumulative normative parameters for the application of judicial activism. These parameters provide prescriptive guidance for judges to harmonize substantive justice, legal certainty, and utility, while preventing arbitrary rulings and minimizing jurisprudential disparities in civil courts. 
Co-Authors Mardian Wibowo Rachmi Sulistyarini