Denanda Clarasati Puteri
Program Studi Teknologi Proses Industri Petrokimia, Politeknik Industri Petrokimia Banten, Kabupaten Serang, Banten 42166|Politeknik Industri Petrokimia Banten|Indonesia

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Monod Kinetics for EM4-Driven Ammonia Biodegradation Under Molasses Variation and Microbial Acclimatization Rizky Ibnufaatih Arvianto; Muhammad Zulfikar Luthfi; Adna Ivan Ardian; Suhirman Suhirman; Muhamad Iqbal Putra; Denanda Clarasati Puteri; Ihsan Wiratama; Muhammad Nasyarudin Iqbal; Jerry Jerry; Dennis Farina Nury; Firman Ayub
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 7 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 7 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.7.452-463

Abstract

Ammonia is a toxic pollutant parameter in petrochemical wastewater and can impair the quality of aquatic environments. This experimental study evaluated the kinetics of ammonia biodegradation by an Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM4) consortium using the Monod model approach, focusing on molasses concentration as an external carbon source and the effect of microbial acclimatization. This experiment was conducted in aerobic batch systems with initial ammonia concentrations of 10, 30, and 50 ppm and the addition of 5% and 10% molasses. Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) and pH were monitored to evaluate environmental dynamics and biomass growth. The results showed that increasing the molasses concentration from 5% to 10% increased the maximum specific growth rate (μmax) from 6.29 to 7.17 day−1 and decreased the half-saturation constant (Ks) from 23.22 to 14.01 mg/L; therefore, a lower Ks indicates higher apparent substrate affinity. The acclimatization further improved the kinetic response, yielding higher μmax and lower Ks than the non-acclimated system, alongside higher MLSS and a faster pH decrease consistent with more intensive biodegradation activity. Overall, these results confirm that the combination of microbial acclimatization and sufficient molasses addition can enhance the kinetic performance of ammonia biodegradation by EM4.