<![CDATA[Abstract Purpose: This study examines the relationships between Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosure and bank Financial Performance, with Operational Efficiency as a mediating variable, among commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Research Methodology: This quantitative explanatory study uses secondary data from annual reports, sustainability reports, and ESG Disclosure Scores issued by the Bumi Global Karbon Foundation for 2020–2023. The sample comprises 15 conventional commercial banks selected through purposive sampling, generating 60 firm-year observations. Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosure are measured using BGK composite disclosure scores, Operational Efficiency by the Operating Expenses to Operating Income ratio (BOPO), and Financial Performance by Return on Assets (ROA). Data are analyzed using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS. Results: Social Disclosure is positively and significantly associated with BOPO, while Environmental and Governance Disclosure show no significant relationships with BOPO. None of the three disclosure dimensions is directly associated with ROA. BOPO has a strong, significant negative relationship with ROA and significantly mediates the relationship between Social Disclosure and Financial Performance, but not those involving Environmental or Governance Disclosure. Conclusions: Sustainability disclosure dimensions exhibit different relationships with Operational Efficiency and Financial Performance. Social Disclosure may influence Financial Performance indirectly through Operational Efficiency, although the findings indicate associations rather than causality. Limitations: The study is limited to 15 banks, the 2020–2023 period, BGK disclosure scores, and does not explicitly address endogeneity. Contributions: The study highlights Operational Efficiency as a mediating mechanism and demonstrates the value of examining ESG disclosure dimensions separately in Indonesian banking within sustainability disclosure research.]]>
