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All Journal GANESHA MEDICINA
Ni Wayan Sucindra Dewi
Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Evaluation of the Combined Antibacterial Activity of Katuk Leaf Extract (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) and Lemon Juice (Citrus limon L.) against Streptococcus pyogenes as Causative Agent of Pharyngitis I Gusti Ayu Agung Amelia Prabhawanti; Ni Wayan Sucindra Dewi; Desak Ketut Ernawati; Agung Nova Mahendra; Bagus Komang Satriyasa
Ganesha Medicina Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/gm.v6i1.107156

Abstract

Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharynx, one cause of which is the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. Although antibiotics are the primary therapy, high rates of resistance necessitate the search for alternative natural-based agents. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of a combination of katuk leaf extract (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) and lemon juice (Citrus limon L.) against Streptococcus pyogenes. The study was experimental, employing a true experimental design (post-test only with a control group). Antibacterial activity was assessed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The results showed that the combination produced mean inhibition zone diameters of 6.02 mm at 25% concentration, 7.16 mm at 50% concentration, and 7.40 mm at 75% concentration, while the positive control produced a mean inhibition zone of 32 mm. In conclusion, the combination of katuk leaf extract and lemon juice exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes and has potential for further development as a natural antibacterial candidate.
Co-Authors Agung Nova Mahendra Bagus Komang Satriyasa Desak Ketut Ernawati I Gusti Ayu Agung Amelia Prabhawanti