<![CDATA[The increasing circulation of cosmetic products without marketing authorization in Indonesia poses significant challenges to consumer protection and public health, requiring effective criminal law enforcement against both individual and corporate offenders. This study aims to analyze the regulation of criminal liability for individuals and corporations distributing cosmetic products without BPOM marketing authorization under Indonesian positive law and to examine its implementation in Indonesian court decisions. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and case approaches. Legal materials were collected through library research, including legislation, court decisions, legal doctrines, books, and scientific journal articles, and were analyzed qualitatively through grammatical and systematic legal interpretation. The study finds that the legal framework governing criminal liability is comprehensively regulated under Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health, Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024, and BPOM Regulation Number 17 of 2023. Criminal liability is imposed based on the fulfillment of the elements of an unlawful act (actus reus) and fault (mens rea), accompanied by administrative and civil sanctions as part of an integrated legal protection system. Furthermore, the implementation of criminal liability in Decision Number 204/Pid.Sus/2025/PN MKS and Decision Number 856/Pid.Sus/2025/PT MKS demonstrates that Indonesian courts have consistently applied the principles of legality, culpability, and criminal responsibility. Although the appellate court imposed a more severe sentence, both decisions consistently emphasized legal certainty, public health protection, and deterrence as the primary objectives of criminal punishment. This study concludes that the existing legal framework has provided an adequate normative basis and has been consistently implemented in judicial practice, thereby strengthening consumer protection and the enforcement of criminal law against the illegal distribution of cosmetic products in Indonesia.]]>
