Farland D Valera
Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, City of San Fernando, Philippines

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Thinking in English, Reasoning in Context: A Mixed-Methods Longitudinal Inquiry into Critical Thinking Emergence Through Microlearning-CLIL in Vocational ESP Rigel Sampelolo; Farland D Valera; Nehru P.Pongsapan; Agustinus Salu
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Undiksha Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jpbi.v14i2.114765

Abstract

Vocational students are increasingly expected to interpret technical information and make evidence-based decisions in English, yet vocational ESP instruction often separates language practice from higher-order reasoning. This study examined changes in critical thinking associated with a 16-week Microlearning-CLIL model among 34 Grade XI Light Vehicle Engineering students at SMKN 4 Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi. A concurrent mixed-methods design combined a Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (W-GCTA) administered at Weeks 1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 with classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and student-document analysis. The primary pretest-posttest comparison using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test showed a statistically significant increase (Z = -5.01, p < .001, r = .86), with mean scores changing from 42.3 (SD = 8.7) to 64.8 (SD = 6.2). Reflexive thematic analysis generated four themes: development of analytical reasoning through authentic automotive content, strengthened linguistic agency and professional identity, pedagogical value of microlearning segmentation, and a shift toward facilitative teaching. Taken together, the findings indicate an association between implementation of the model and the development of critical thinking and professional language use. Because the study employed a single group without a comparison condition, the results are interpreted as within-group change rather than definitive causal evidence