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All Journal International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research
Alvin Nieva
San Beda University
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Medicine & Pharmacology

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Development and Initial Validation of the Benedictine Leadership Questionnaire Alvin Nieva; Noel Santander; Annabel Quilon
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 7 No. 8 (2026): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.07.08.26

Abstract

This study addresses the critical gap in spiritual leadership literature by focusing on the development and validation of the Benedictine Leadership Questionnaire (BLQ). While modern leadership often emphasizes corporate strategy, ancient spiritual traditions like the Rule of St. Benedict offer timeless frameworks centered on humility, stewardship, and community. Despite the theoretical potential of these values, empirical research has lacked a standardized tool to quantify them. Using a cross-sectional, descriptive quantitative design, this research aimed to establish a scientifically rigorous measure of Benedictine leadership. Data were gathered from 244 participants at a Catholic university in Manila. The development and validation process began with a deductive approach to item generation, resulting in an initial 108-item pool that underwent expert content analysis for clarity and relevance. The psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using Principal Axis Factoring and Oblimin rotation. The results supported a refined 54-item instrument structured into five distinct dimensions: The Visionary, The Empowerer, The Culture-Builder, The Humble Leader, and The Problem-Solver. This five-factor solution demonstrated exceptional internal consistency, with reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega) ranging from 0.93 to 0.97. The findings confirm that the BLQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing leadership that integrates strategic vision with ethical, person-centered engagement. This study provides the first formal psychometric instrument to bridge ancient monastic values with modern organizational practice, offering a robust foundation for future leadership assessment and research.  
Co-Authors Annabel Quilon Noel Santander