<![CDATA[Objective: This study aims to examine the serial mediation roles of effectuation and bricolage in the relationship between entrepreneurial networks and business model innovation (BMI) among resource-constrained non-formal education institutions. Design/Methods/Approach: Data were collected from 210 owners, directors, and managers of non-formal education institutions (i.e., course institutions and job training centers) through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4.0, employing a two-stage higher-order construct approach. Findings: All eight hypotheses were supported. Entrepreneurial networks positively influence effectuation, which drives both bricolage and BMI directly, while bricolage further predicts BMI. Mediation analyses confirm that effectuation and bricolage, both individually and jointly as a full serial chain, significantly transmit the influence of entrepreneurial networks on BMI. Originality/Value: This study is among the first to integrate entrepreneurial networks, effectuation, bricolage, and BMI into a single serial mediation model tested empirically in a resource-constrained, non-formal education setting, extending prior work by Xu et al. (2022, 2024). Effectuation emerged as a strong predictor of bricolage, suggesting that relational capital translates into BMI through a sequenced cognitive-behavioral chain under conditions of resource constraint. Practical/Policy implication: Owners, directors, and managers of resource-constrained education institutions should cultivate effectual decision-making and bricolage capabilities to drive BMI without substantial financial investment. Industry associations and policymakers should pair network facilitation programs with effectuation capacity-building initiatives to systematically convert relational resources into BMI in similar resource-constrained settings. ]]>
