<![CDATA[Coral reefs in the Kaimana Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in West Papua are among Indonesia’s most biodiverse ecosystems, but human activities and climate change increasingly threaten them. This study aimed to evaluate the condition of coral reefs and reef fish assemblages in the No-Take and Utilization Zones of Kaimana MPA using historical monitoring data. The data were collected from 24 sites across three periods: T0 (2012–2013), T1 (2015–2016), and T2 (2019), and analyzed in 2020. Benthic composition was assessed using the Point Intercept Transect method, while reef fish assemblages were surveyed via Underwater Visual Census. Ecological indicators included live hard coral cover, benthic substrate composition, and biomass of reef fish by trophic groups and families. Temporal and spatial differences among monitoring periods and between the No-Take and Utilization Zones were tested using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Live hard coral cover differed significantly between management zones (p < 0.001), increasing in the No-Take Zone but declining in the Utilization Zone. Several benthic indicators, including crustose coralline algae, rubble, dead coral, and other algae, showed significant temporal variation, reflecting disturbance, eutrophication, and climate-related stress. In contrast, reef fish biomass declined across zones and monitoring periods, indicating that spatial protection alone has been insufficient to counteract persistent fishing pressure and limited enforcement. The contrasting trends in coral cover and reef fish biomass emphasize the need for adaptive MPA management through stronger enforcement, community participation, habitat restoration, and ridge-to-reef water-quality control.]]>
