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All Journal Vifada Assumption Journal of Law
Elvi Susanti Syam
Faculty of Law, Institut Ilmu Sosisal dan Bisnis Andi Sapada, Parepare, Indonesia
Humanities Other

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Redefining Judicial Supervision in Correctional Systems: A Critique of Ineffective Penal Oversight Models Elvi Susanti Syam; Ardiyanti Aris; Anatolijs Kriviņš
Vifada Assumption Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): July - December
Publisher : Yayasan Vifada Cendikia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70184/v0k92f76

Abstract

Purpose: This article examines the ineffectiveness of judicial supervision in correctional systems by focusing on the legal mandate and socio-legal operation of Supervisory and Observing Judges, or Kimwasmat. It argues that penal oversight remains weak when formal judicial supervision is not supported by enforceable authority, measurable standards, and structured institutional response. Research Design and Methodology: This study applies a socio-legal design combining doctrinal legal analysis with empirical inquiry. Data were collected through document study, interviews, and limited observation involving Kimwasmat judges in the Makassar and Parepare court environments, then analyzed through qualitative coding of legal mandate, coordination, reporting, remedial capacity, and accountability gaps. Findings and Discussion: The study finds that Kimwasmat remains normatively and institutionally weak because supervision findings often stop at visits, reports, and informal coordination without a binding accountability chain between courts and correctional institutions. Implications: Legal reform should establish clearer supervision standards, rights-based indicators, institutional response duties, and escalation mechanisms for unresolved findings, so judicial supervision can function as an accountability-oriented mechanism in sentence execution. 
Co-Authors Anatolijs Kriviņš Ardiyanti Aris