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Annisa Maulida Ningtyas
Department of Health Information and Services, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Hydraulic-Based Evaluation of Fire Water System Adequacy for Dike-on-Fire Scenario at Gasoline Storage Tank Maulida Maghfiroh Izzani Hakim; Marko Ferdian Salim; Annisa Maulida Ningtyas
Reaktor Volume 26 No.2 August 2026
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.85087

Abstract

Dike-on-fire incidents in hydrocarbon storage tank facilities have significant escalation potential due to prolonged thermal radiation exposure and adjacent tank involvement. This study evaluated the adequacy of the existing fire water system under a gasoline storage tank dike-on-fire scenario at PT X Refinery using PHAST consequence analysis, firefighting demand calculation, and PIPENET hydraulic simulation. Fire consequence analysis was conducted to evaluate thermal radiation exposure, while firefighting demand and hydraulic analyses were performed based on NFPA and API standards. The simulation results showed that the 12.5 kW/m² thermal radiation contour extended up to approximately 83 m from the fire source, indicating significant fire escalation potential within the tank farm area. The required fire water demand reached 11,665.68 gpm, whereas the existing fire water distribution network was capable of supplying 13,017.50 gpm during simultaneous cooling and firefighting operations. However, the operational foam application capacity of the installed High-Capacity Foam Monitor (HCFM) system resulted in an extended minimum firefighting discharge duration of 83.12 min. Overall, the existing fire water distribution network was hydraulically adequate for the analyzed dike-on-fire scenario, although the operational firefighting capability remained constrained by the installed HCFM system.
Co-Authors Marko Ferdian Salim Maulida Maghfiroh Izzani Hakim