Donny Anhar Fahmi
Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Physical Education, Universitas PGRI Semarang

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Development and evaluation of a web-based interactive flashcard tool (Aero’Zen) for low-impact rhythmic activity instruction in physical education Zenny Ni'matul Ulya; Donny Anhar Fahmi; Ibnu Fatkhu Royana
Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/pessr.v5i2.761

Abstract

Background: Teaching rhythmic activities in physical education continues to face challenges due to the limited availability of visual learning aids that demonstrate movements systematically, repeatedly, and accessibly. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate Aero’Zen, a web-based interactive flashcard tool integrating movement illustrations, QR codes, and demonstration videos for basic low-impact rhythmic activities. Methods: This research and development study employed the ADDIE model. Following product development and expert validation, learning outcomes were evaluated using a one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental design involving 30 tenth-grade students at SMK Negeri 2 Semarang. Product feasibility was assessed by media experts, subject matter experts, and a physical education practitioner. Pretest and posttest scores were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality and paired-samples t-tests, with the significance level set at α = .05. Results: Aero’Zen was rated highly suitable by media experts (95.75%), subject matter experts (94.50%), and a physical education practitioner (88.75%). Mean scores increased from 75.40 to 89.97 in the cognitive domain, from 28.80 to 32.77 in the affective domain, and from 19.87 to 32.00 in the psychomotor domain. Paired-samples t-tests revealed significant differences between pretest and posttest scores across all three domains (all p < .001). Conclusions: Aero’Zen is a highly suitable web-based learning medium with the potential to support students’ cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning outcomes, including movement coordination and performance, in low-impact rhythmic activities. Its integrated flashcards, QR-code access, and demonstration videos provide a flexible resource for repeated and independent learning. Future studies should use randomized controlled trials with larger and more diverse samples to strengthen causal inference and generalizability.