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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Education Methods Development Academia Open
Ali Jabbar Murhij
Ministry of Education, Najaf Education Directorate
Education Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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The Contribution of Mental Fatigue and Cognitive Flexibility to Decision Accuracy During Fast-Break Situations in Youth Handball Players Ali Jabbar Murhij
Indonesian Journal of Education Methods Development Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijemd.v21i4.1077

Abstract

General Background: Competitive handball requires rapid information processing and appropriate tactical responses under constantly changing playing situations. Specific Background: During fast-break attacks, young players must interpret teammates’ and opponents’ positions and select an appropriate response within limited time, while psychological strain may reduce concentration and adaptive thinking may support tactical selection. Knowledge Gap: The combined contribution of these two cognitive and psychological variables to tactical choices among Iraqi youth players remains insufficiently examined. Aims: This study assesses their individual relationships with fast-break decision performance and constructs a regression model explaining tactical response quality. Results: A descriptive correlational predictive design included all 16 youth players from Al-Kufa Sports Club during the 2025–2026 season. Data were collected using a mental fatigue scale, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and an expert-rated fast-break decision test. Psychological strain was negatively correlated with tactical response scores (r = −0.712), whereas adaptive thinking was positively correlated with them (r = 0.689). The combined model was statistically significant, F = 16.41, p = 0.001, and explained 71.6% of the variance in performance scores. Regression coefficients confirmed negative contribution from strain (B = −0.63, p = 0.004) and positive contribution from adaptive thinking (B = 0.38, p = 0.011). Novelty: The study integrates two cognitive-psychological variables within one predictive model for high-tempo attacking situations. Implications: Youth preparation programs should incorporate psychological recovery strategies and executive-function exercises alongside technical and physical training. Highlights: Higher strain corresponded with poorer tactical choices at r = −0.712. Adaptive thinking corresponded with better responses at r = 0.689. The combined regression model explained 71.6% of performance variance. Keywords: Mental Fatigue, Cognitive Flexibility, Decision-Making Accuracy, Fast Attack.
The Mediating Role of Self-Confidence in the Relationship Between Mental Toughness and Performance in Handball Ali Jabbar Murhij
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.15631

Abstract

General Background: Handball performance involves physical, technical, tactical, and psychological dimensions, particularly when players must maintain concentration and respond to pressure during competition. Specific Background: Mental toughness and self-confidence are identified in the study as psychological variables associated with athletic performance, while their interrelationship requires examination among university handball players. Knowledge Gap: The mediating role of self-confidence in the relationship between mental toughness and handball performance has not been specifically examined within the University of Kufa handball team. Aims: This study identifies the levels of mental toughness, self-confidence, and performance and examines the relationships among these variables and the mediating role of self-confidence. Results: A descriptive correlational design was applied to all 14 players of the University of Kufa handball team, aged 19–22 years. Mental toughness correlated positively with self-confidence (r = 0.761) and performance (r = 0.648), while self-confidence correlated with performance at r = 0.812. Mental toughness explained 42% of the variance in performance. Mediation analysis showed a path from mental toughness to self-confidence of β = 0.761 and from self-confidence to performance of β = 0.624, while the direct path from mental toughness to performance was β = 0.173 (p = 0.181). The indirect effect was 0.475, with a 95% bootstrap confidence interval of 0.229–0.721 and p = 0.002. Novelty: The study examines self-confidence as a mediating variable between mental toughness and handball performance. Implications: The findings support incorporating mental training alongside physical and technical training within handball preparation. Highlights: Self-confidence correlated with performance at r = 0.812. Mental toughness explained 42% of performance variance. The indirect pathway through self-confidence was 0.475. Keywords: Mental, Toughness, Self Confidence, Performance, Handball.
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