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All Journal Journal of State Public Policy (JSPP)
Zamzami Zamzami
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Syariah Subulussalam

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Public Critique Through Mass Action: An Examination of the State Capture Phenomenon in Public Policy in Indonesia Zamzami Zamzami
Journal of State Public Policy Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Journal of State Public Policy
Publisher : Yayasan Cerdas Pedia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65101/jspp.v1i1.234

Abstract

Indonesia’s public policy landscape has recently been marked by mass mobilizations opposing the Constitutional Court Law amendment, the Broadcasting Bill, regional election law revisions, and the Nusantara Capital City development. This study examines the state capture phenomenon where political and economic elites shape policy for narrow gains and the role of mass action as an informal democratic critique mechanism. A descriptive-analytical multiple-case study methodology was employed, triangulating policy documents, theoretical literature, and media reports. Analysis identifies five indicators of state capture: weakened accountability institutions, opaque legislation, pro-elite policymaking, nepotism, and legal dominance. Findings reveal that these policies form an interlocking strategy undermining judicial independence and press freedom while consolidating political power. In response, online and offline social movements deploy issue framing around democracy, corruption, and human rights to mobilize broad public support. The study confirms that mass action serves as a vital check-and-balance for safeguarding Indonesia’s constitutional democracy resilience.
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