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All Journal Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research
Eryka Destiawanti
Department of Industrial Technology, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275
Engineering

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Characterization of Red Palm Oil Fortificated Lotion Formulation Using Variations Emulsifier Ratio and Process Parameters for Stability of Vitamin E and Carotenoid Eryka Destiawanti; Amelia Syahrani; Vita Paramita
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2026: Just Accepted Manuscript and Article In Press 2026
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.32149

Abstract

Red palm oil (RPO) is a potential source of natural antioxidants such as β-carotene and vitamin E, but their stability in topical formulations remains a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of β-carotene and vitamin E, as well as the physical characteristics of RPO-based lotion formulations. The formulations were prepared using different emulsifier ratios (TEA:stearic acid = 1:1 and 1:4), temperatures (50°C and 70°C), and homogenization times (5 and 10 minutes). The contents of β-carotene and vitamin E were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, while physical properties including pH, density, homogeneity, and sun protection factor (SPF) were also evaluated. The results showed that β-carotene stability was mainly influenced by temperature and emulsifier ratio, with optimum conditions at a 1:4 ratio and 50°C. In contrast, vitamin E stability was primarily affected by homogenization time, with optimum conditions at a 1:1 ratio and 50°C. All formulations exhibited SPF values of 13–18 (moderate protection), pH 7–8, and density of 1.000–1.031 g/mL, indicating acceptable physical properties, while improved homogeneity was achieved at higher temperature or longer homogenization time. In conclusion, processing conditions significantly influence the stability of active compounds and the quality of RPO-based lotion, with optimal performance achieved at lower temperature and appropriate emulsifier ratio.
Co-Authors Amelia Syahrani Vita Paramita