<![CDATA[The cultivation of Dendrobium orchids has high economic value but is highly dependent on the stability of microclimate parameters, specifically temperature, humidity, and light intensity. One of the common challenges faced by cultivators is the limitation of accurate and continuous monitoring systems, as well as the relatively high installation and operational costs of industrial-scale automation systems. This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based microclimate monitoring and control system using the Raspberry Pi Pico W, which is designed to be more economical, plug-and-play, and energy-efficient. The method employed utilizes the Environment Score algorithm to evaluate environmental conditions through multi-parameter analysis (temperature, humidity, and light), along with a pulse control technique on the humidifier actuator to prevent humidity overshoot during the actuation process. The system is also equipped with a buzzer-based early warning mechanism and real-time data logging capabilities transmitted directly to Google Sheets via HTTP protocol. The functional test results using Black Box testing methods on 2,787 recorded data rows, including extreme anomaly simulations (drastic temperature spikes and humidity drops), indicate that the system is highly responsive to critical conditions and capable of maintaining environmental stability with a logical response success rate of up to 99%. The pulse control method successfully minimizes extreme fluctuations. Therefore, the developed system has proven to be effective, adaptive, and low-cost in supporting the environmental management of Dendrobium orchid cultivation.]]>
