Muhammad Ilman Abidin
Prodi Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia.

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Hukum Acara Perdata: Validitas Bukti Elektronik Sengketa Individu Melawan Badan Hukum Achmad Faisal Hafeez; Muhammad Ilman Abidin
Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies 985 - 992
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsls.v6i2.23824

Abstract

Abstract. The advancement of information technology has transformed societal interactions and transactions into digital forms, giving rise to new types of evidence such as emails, digital signatures, and other electronic documents. This shift poses challenges to Indonesia's civil procedural law, which normatively adheres to a limitative system of evidence as regulated under the HIR, RBg, and the Civil Code. This research aims to analyze the legal standing and evidentiary weight of electronic evidence in civil contract disputes, as well as to identify the formal and material requirements for electronic evidence to be declared valid and used as a basis for judicial consideration, using the case of the dispute between Nataniel Biring and PT Dunia Kimia Jaya under Decision Number 23/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2024/PN.Bdg. This research employs a normative juridical approach with descriptive-analytical specifications. Secondary data obtained through library research were analyzed qualitatively. The findings show that the panel of judges recognized the email as valid evidence in accordance with Article 5(1) of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law; however, its evidentiary value remained complementary rather than standalone, as its strength was only affirmed when corroborated by other evidence. Furthermore, the validity of electronic evidence in this case was assessed more on the substance of its information than on technical authentication aspects (authenticity, integrity, non-repudiation), indicating that it does not yet fully reflect modern electronic evidence authentication principles. This study recommends the establishment of clearer technical authentication standards to ensure legal certainty in resolving civil disputes based on electronic evidence.   Abstrak. Perkembangan teknologi informasi telah mengubah pola interaksi dan transaksi masyarakat ke dalam bentuk digital, sehingga memunculkan bentuk-bentuk baru alat bukti seperti surat elektronik (email), tanda tangan digital, dan dokumen elektronik lainnya. Perubahan ini menimbulkan tantangan tersendiri dalam hukum acara perdata di Indonesia, yang secara normatif menganut sistem pembuktian limitatif sebagaimana diatur dalam HIR, RBg, dan KUHPerdata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan dan kekuatan hukum bukti elektronik dalam sengketa perdata kontrak, serta mengidentifikasi syarat-syarat formil dan materil agar bukti elektronik dapat dinyatakan sah dan dijadikan dasar pertimbangan hakim, dengan mengambil studi kasus sengketa antara Nataniel Biring melawan PT Dunia Kimia Jaya berdasarkan Putusan Nomor 23/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2024/PN.Bdg. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif-analitis. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Majelis Hakim telah mengakui email sebagai alat bukti yang sah sesuai Pasal 5 ayat (1) UU ITE, namun penilaiannya masih bersifat komplementer dan tidak berdiri sendiri, karena kekuatan pembuktiannya baru diakui ketika didukung oleh alat bukti lain. Selain itu, keabsahan bukti elektronik dalam perkara ini lebih banyak dinilai dari aspek substansi informasi daripada aspek autentikasi teknis (authenticity, integrity, non-repudiation), sehingga belum sepenuhnya mencerminkan prinsip autentikasi bukti elektronik modern. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya penyusunan standar autentikasi teknis yang lebih jelas guna menjamin kepastian hukum dalam penyelesaian sengketa perdata berbasis bukti elektronik.  
Perlindungan Hukum Pelaku Usaha atas Penahanan Dana Penjualan Sepihak di TikTok Shop Adila Nurhakimah; Muhammad Ilman Abidin
Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies 1035 - 1042
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsls.v6i2.23886

Abstract

Abstract. The rapid growth of social commerce in Indonesia has positioned TikTok Shop as one of the fastest-growing digital trade platforms, yet numerous business actors have reported unilateral withholding of their sales proceeds without clear justification. This research aims to analyze the form of legal protection granted to business actors whose sales proceeds are withheld unilaterally by TikTok Shop, and to examine the legal responsibility of TikTok Shop as an Electronic System Operator under Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions. The method used is normative juridical with a descriptive-explanative specification, collecting data through library research on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are then analyzed qualitatively. The results show that business actors are entitled to preventive and repressive legal protection, including administrative complaints to the Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs, lawsuits for tort and breach of contract under the Indonesian Civil Code, and alternative dispute resolution. TikTok Shop is also legally obliged to operate its system reliably, safely, and responsibly, and remains liable when fund withholding is carried out without adequate notice, clear grounds, or a proportionate time limit.   Abstrak. Pesatnya pertumbuhan social commerce di Indonesia menjadikan TikTok Shop sebagai salah satu platform perdagangan digital dengan pertumbuhan tercepat, namun sejumlah pelaku usaha melaporkan adanya penahanan dana hasil penjualan secara sepihak tanpa alasan yang jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada pelaku usaha atas penahanan dana hasil penjualan secara sepihak oleh TikTok Shop, serta mengkaji tanggung jawab TikTok Shop sebagai Penyelenggara Sistem Elektronik berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 Tahun 2019 tentang Penyelenggaraan Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif-eksplanatif, data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaku usaha memiliki hak atas perlindungan hukum preventif dan represif, di antaranya pengaduan administratif kepada Kementerian Komunikasi dan Digital, gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum dan wanprestasi berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, serta penyelesaian sengketa alternatif. TikTok Shop juga secara hukum wajib menyelenggarakan sistemnya secara andal, aman, dan bertanggung jawab, serta tetap bertanggung jawab apabila penahanan dana dilakukan tanpa pemberitahuan yang memadai, dasar yang jelas, maupun batas waktu yang proporsional.
Perlindungan Hukum Konsumen terhadap Produk Repacking di E-Commerce Nabila Anindya Kirana; Muhammad Ilman Abidin
Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies 1279 1286
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Abstract. The widespread circulation of repackaged food products on e-commerce platforms that fail to meet food-safety and labeling standards poses health risks and threatens consumer rights guaranteed under Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK). This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for consumers, the role and responsibility of sellers, and the shift in the locus of responsibility from individual sellers toward e-commerce platform operators regarding the circulation of repackaged products. The study employs a normative juridical method with an analytical-descriptive specification, using library research on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, supplemented by non-participant observation and electronic document study of two store cases on e-commerce platforms, analyzed through qualitative normative analysis. The results show that legal protection is normatively available in the UUPK, both preventive and repressive, yet implementation remains ineffective due to weak BPOM oversight and platform verification systems, while seller liability in practice remains fault-based rather than fully strict. Both stores examined were found marketing products without complete labeling and continued operating for years without takedown action, with sales volumes in the thousands of units. This study concludes that strengthening upstream-to-downstream BPOM oversight, reinforcing platform due-diligence obligations, and a normative shift toward full strict liability for high-risk food products are needed to achieve effective consumer protection in e-commerce.   Abstrak. Maraknya peredaran produk makanan repacking di platform e-commerce yang tidak memenuhi standar keamanan pangan dan pelabelan menimbulkan risiko kesehatan sekaligus mengancam hak-hak konsumen yang dijamin Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (UUPK). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen, peran dan tanggung jawab penjual, serta pergeseran locus tanggung jawab dari penjual individual menuju penyelenggara platform e-commerce atas peredaran produk repacking tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif analitis, melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier, dilengkapi observasi non-partisipan dan studi dokumen elektronik pada dua kasus toko di platform e-commerce, yang kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum secara normatif telah tersedia dalam UUPK, baik preventif maupun represif, namun pelaksanaannya belum efektif akibat lemahnya pengawasan BPOM dan sistem verifikasi platform, sementara tanggung jawab penjual pada praktiknya masih bersifat fault-based liability, bukan strict liability penuh. Dua toko yang diteliti terbukti memasarkan produk tanpa label lengkap dan tetap beroperasi bertahun-tahun tanpa tindakan takedown, dengan volume penjualan ribuan unit. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan perlunya penguatan pengawasan BPOM dari hulu ke hilir, penegasan kewajiban due diligence platform, serta afirmasi normatif ke arah strict liability penuh untuk produk pangan berisiko tinggi guna mewujudkan perlindungan konsumen yang efektif di e-commerce.