<![CDATA[Purpose: This study examines the legal challenges of marijuana cultivation on state land and proposes an integrated framework combining criminal law enforcement, land administration, and restorative justice. Research Design and Methodology: Using a normative juridical method with a case study approach, the study analyzes relevant legislation, institutional documents, and selected data from the National Narcotics Agency (BNN), the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN), and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK). Findings and Discussion: The findings demonstrate that marijuana cultivation on state land constitutes a multidimensional legal problem involving criminal liability, land tenure uncertainty, and weaknesses in natural resource governance. Existing responses remain predominantly punitive and insufficiently address the structural factors underlying land-related narcotics offenses, particularly unclear land status, limited inter-agency coordination, and inadequate community participation. Implications: The novelty of this study lies in developing an integrated legal framework that positions criminal enforcement, land administration, and restorative justice as complementary mechanisms rather than separate responses. The framework seeks to maintain criminal accountability while addressing land governance and community-related factors that contribute to the persistence of cultivation on state land. The study recommends strengthening inter-agency coordination and reforming legal policies to establish a more accountable, sustainable, and equitable approach to the governance of state land affected by narcotics-related activities.]]>
