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M Farhan
Nusa Putra University

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Mamdani Fuzzy-Based Soil Fertility Detection Using Moisture and Color Sensors Fikri Arif Wicaksana; Trisiani Dewi Hendrawati; Panji Narputro; M Farhan
Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): JMAI: June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/jmai.v3i1.135

Abstract

Soil fertility plays an important role in supporting agricultural productivity and sustainable farming practices. Conventional methods for determining soil fertility, such as visual observation of soil color and manual inspection of soil moisture, are often subjective, inefficient, and less accurate. This study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based soil fertility detection system using a soil moisture sensor and a TCS3200 color sensor to provide real-time and objective soil condition monitoring. The system employs a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller for data acquisition and wireless communication. Sensor data are processed using the Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) to classify soil fertility into three categories: fertile, moderately fertile, and infertile. The developed system displays monitoring results locally through an OLED display and remotely through Google Spreadsheet integration for real-time observation. Sensor calibration and field testing were conducted using several soil samples with different moisture and color characteristics. Experimental results showed that the soil moisture sensor achieved an average error rate of 1.57%, indicating good measurement accuracy. Furthermore, the fuzzy-based classification successfully identified soil fertility levels according to the measured parameters. The integration of IoT technology and fuzzy logic provides an effective low-cost solution for precision agriculture applications, particularly for small-scale farming environments. The proposed system is expected to assist farmers in monitoring soil conditions more efficiently, accurately, and continuously.
Co-Authors Arif Fikri Wicaksana Panji Narputro Trisiani Dewi Hendrawati