<![CDATA[The sustainable development and conservation of geosites require an assessment that distinguishes geoheritage value from the physical capacity of land to support safe use. This study evaluates ten geosites in the hydrothermal alteration zone of the Bogor Halimun Salak Geopark, West Java, Indonesia, using an integrated multi-criteria geological framework. The Geological Agency scheme was modified by exchanging the weights assigned to groundwater availability (14 to 2) and soil-rock bearing capacity (2 to 14), while retaining the total supporting-factor weight. This modification was adopted because the original output was dominated by the hydrogeological pattern, whereas engineering suitability in clay-rich alteration zones is more directly controlled by material strength and stability. GIS overlay, laboratory-derived engineering-geology information, and field verification were used to integrate lithology, slope, bearing capacity, aquifer productivity, landslide susceptibility, and land-use constraints. The modified scheme expanded the high-suitability area from 2,673.88 to 5,898.13 ha, reduced the moderate class from 9,802.93 to 5,552.50 ha, and increased the low class to 2,985.28 ha, thereby improving spatial discrimination. Two geosites were classified as high suitability, two as moderate suitability, and six as low suitability. High-suitability sites are generally associated with competent volcanic rocks, gentle slopes, and relatively high bearing capacity, whereas low-suitability sites commonly occur in clay-rich altered materials with high plasticity, shrink-swell behaviour, and landslide constraints. The framework supports decision-making by separating locations suitable for controlled facilities from sites requiring restricted development and conservation-oriented management.]]>
