<![CDATA[This study was motivated by the low understanding of multiplication concepts among third-grade elementary school students, which tends to be caused by learning processes focused on memorization and the lack of interactive media variations. This study aims to describe the current availability of multiplication learning media, analyze the procedures for developing Open-Ended approach-based Multiplication Cards, and test the effectiveness of the media in improving students' understanding of multiplication concepts. This study used the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The trial subjects consisted of 25 third-grade students at SDN Wonolopo 03 Semarang. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and tests (pretest and posttest), then analyzed using qualitative descriptives, paired sample t-tests, and N-Gain tests. Validation results showed that the media was highly suitable for use based on material experts (98.03%) and media experts (96.43%). This media was also proven to be highly practical based on teacher responses (100%) and student responses (90.8%). Effectiveness testing proved that the Open-Ended-based Multiplication Card media significantly improved understanding of multiplication concepts, as indicated by a significance value of p=0.000<0.05 in the paired sample t-test and an average N-Gain score of 0.438, categorized as moderate. This success indicates that presenting various representations of multiplication operations transforms student understanding from mechanical memorization to flexible conceptual understanding. Thus, the Open-Ended approach-based Multiplication Card media is proven to be effective and worthy of being utilized as an innovative learning medium in elementary schools. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya pemahaman konsep perkalian siswa kelas III sekolah dasar yang cenderung disebabkan oleh proses pembelajaran yang berfokus pada hafalan serta minimnya variasi media interaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan ketersediaan media pembelajaran perkalian saat ini, menganalisis prosedur pengembangan media Kartu Perkalian berbasis pendekatan Open-Ended, serta menguji keefektifan media tersebut dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep perkalian siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Subjek uji coba terdiri atas 25 siswa kelas III SDN Wonolopo 03 Semarang. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, angket, serta tes (pretest dan posttest), kemudian dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, paired sample t-test, dan uji N-Gain. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa media sangat layak digunakan berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi (98,03%) dan ahli media (96,43%). Media ini juga terbukti sangat praktis dari ketercapaian respons guru (100%) dan respons siswa (90,8%). Pengujian efektivitas membuktikan bahwa media Kartu Perkalian berbasis Open-Ended berhasil meningkatkan pemahaman konsep perkalian secara signifikan yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai signifikansi p=0,000<0,05 pada paired sample t-test serta skor rata-rata N-Gain sebesar 0,438 yang tergolong dalam kategori sedang. Keberhasilan ini menandakan bahwa penyajian berbagai representasi operasi perkalian mampu mentransformasi pemahaman siswa dari hafalan mekanis menuju pemahaman konseptual yang fleksibel. Dengan demikian, media Kartu Perkalian berbasis Open-Ended terbukti efektif dan layak dimanfaatkan sebagai media pembelajaran inovatif di sekolah dasar. ]]>
