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Yunita T. Winarto
Universitas Indonesia
Social Sciences

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Anthropology, Development and the Post -Modern Challenge Yunita T. Winarto
Antropologi Indonesia No 54 (1997): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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"... [...] Sesuai dengan judul buku, tidak hanya refleksi terhadap pembangunan itu sendiri yang menjadi fokus kajian, tetapi juga apa yang telah dilakukan oleh para ilmuwan antropologi dalam hubungannya dengan domain pembangunan tersebut. Inilah buku pertama sejak karya Lucy Mair (1984), Anthropology and Development, yang secara khusus dan komprehensif menyajikan dan mengulas sejarah perkembangan dari pelbagai pendapat, debat, tindakan dan permasalahan selama terjalinnya hubungan antara pelaku-pelaku pembangunan dan ilmuwan-ilmuwan antropologi sejak awal mula hingga masa kini. Termasuk di dalamnya kurun waktu selama dasa warsa terakhir, yakni suatu periode berlangsungnya refleksi diri yang intensif dikalangan ilmuwan antropologi dan ilmu-ilmu sosial yang lain. Inilah saat-saat berlangsungnya debat sekitar masalah pasca-modernisme (post-modernism) yang muncul pertama kali pada akhir tahun 1980an dan awal 1990an."
‘Hama dan Musuh Alami’, ‘Obat dan Racun’: Dinamika Pengetahuan Petani Padi dalam Pengendalian Hama Yunita T. Winarto
Antropologi Indonesia No 55 (1998): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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This article presents the author's examination of the dynamic aspects of farmers' knowledge on pest management strategies among rice farmers on the north coast of West Java. In detail, the author takes into account the differences in farmers' reception and learning process in the context of different modes of transmission: 1) the transferral of technology in the Green Revolution programme; and 2) the transmission of knowledge through the Integrated Pest Management Farmers Field Schools. In both settings, metaphor and analogy played a significant role in knowledge acquisition and transmission. Farmers' existing schemes or models of interpretation, or what is called as 'simplified world' of areas of particular experiences dominately underlying farmers' interpretation of the new transmitted ideas and concepts. In the transferral of technology, without the transmission of the related schemes, farmers' interpretations led to undesirable consequences resulting from the misleading and misused metaphors, e.g. 'medicine' for pesticide. On the other hand, knowledge transmission of the integrated pest management not only shifted the existing paradigm of pesticide use, but also enriched farmers' own knowledge through the improved ways of learning in the context of a continuous pest outbreak and economic constraints.
Pendekatan Prosesual: Menjawab Tantangan dalam Mengkaji Dinamika Budaya Yunita T. Winarto
Antropologi Indonesia No 60 (1999): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Non-processual approaches in anthropology have been heavily criticized for not providing an adequate framework for explaining the emergence of socio-cultural phenomena, and the processes and mechanisms of change. Socio-cultural life is undeniably dynamic and everchanging. In facing this matter many anthropologists have turned to a processual approach in studying the dynamics of culture in the last two decades. In this article the author shows how the processual approach is applied to the study of cultural dynamics. The author begins by discussing the unit of analysis and focus of study in a processual approach. Following that, she discusses the implication of this upon the methods and strategies for uncovering, describing and explaining change. The author also shows how this approach can uncover the heterogeneous nature of a socio-cultural phenomenon and the extent to which that heterogeneity allows change to occur. Her arguments are based upon empirical cases of knowledge transmission and formation among farmers in several locations on the north coast of West Java and Central Lampung.
Pengayaan Pengetahuan Lokal, Pembangunan Pranata Sosial: Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dalam Kemitraan Yunita T. Winarto; Ezra M. Choesin
Antropologi Indonesia No 64 (2001): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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For three decades, the management of natural resources has been oriented towards increased production and profit in the national economy or for certain stakeholders, sacrificing conservation and the prosperity of local people. The unavoidable results are the deterioration of natural resources, ecological pollution, and a decline in the people's ways and standards of living. This paper attempts to show that the sustainable management of natural resources can only be achieved if the state surrenders its domination and delegate rights to the local people as active actors. Besides the stories of how rich local knowledge, are some studies point out that local people have limited knowledge of the ecosystem, which carries the implication of weaknesses in natural resource management. Other cases focus on how the social institution (rules, conventions and control mechanisms) needed to overcome the problems of resource management has not been internalized, or has either been marginalized, or substituted by ineffective government institutions. The cases of rice farmers in Lampung and fish farmers in South Sulawesi as illustrated in this paper will show that special attention should be given to the enrichment of local knowledge, along with the creation, establishment and development of social institutions. For the sustainable management of natural resources in this country, it is important to consider the local people's rights of managing resources on their own, and the need for facilitation on the basis of partnership.
Pendekatan Prosesual: Menjawab Tantangan dalam Mengkaji Dinamika Budaya Yunita T. Winarto
Antropologi Indonesia Vol 30, No 2 (2006): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

Non-processual approaches in anthropology have been heavily criticized for not providing an adequate framework for explaining the emergence of socio-cultural phenomena, and the processes and mechanisms of change. Socio-cultural life is undeniably dynamic and everchanging. In facing this matter many anthropologists have turned to a processual approach in studying the dynamics of culture in the last two decades. In this article the author shows how the a processual approach is applied to the study of cultural dynamics. The author begins by discussing the unit of analysis and focus of study in a processual approach. Following that, she discusses the implication of this upon the methods and strategies for uncovering, describing and explaining change. The author also shows how this approach can uncover the heterogeneous nature of a socio-cultural phenomenon and the extent to which that heterogeneity allows change to occur. Her arguments are based upon empirical cases of knowledge transmission and formation among farmers in several locations on the north coast of West Java and Central Lampung. Key words: change and continuity; variation and conformity; research strategy.
Co-Authors Ezra M. Choesin