<![CDATA[Population density varies across urban areas and provides an important spatial context for understanding socioeconomic conditions. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of population density and describe socioeconomic conditions across the five districts of Banjarmasin City, Indonesia. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, combining secondary population and administrative data with semi-structured interviews involving nine purposively selected informants. Population density was calculated and mapped using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), while interview data were organized into five socioeconomic aspects: employment, occupation, household income, fulfillment of basic needs, and community business scale. The results show clear spatial differences in population density, with Banjarmasin Selatan and Banjarmasin Utara classified as the highest-density districts, while Banjarmasin Tengah has the lowest classification. The socioeconomic findings indicate that trade, accommodation, culinary activities, and services are important livelihood sectors, alongside challenges related to unemployment, poverty, social security, settlement conditions, and environmental pressures. The spatial synthesis shows that socioeconomic conditions vary across districts and do not correspond to population density alone, but are also shaped by urban functions, economic activities, settlement characteristics, and environmental conditions. The study concludes that population density should be considered as a spatial context rather than a direct determinant of socioeconomic conditions. These findings support a spatially differentiated approach to urban planning and socioeconomic development in Banjarmasin City.]]>
