This study maps the intellectual structure, thematic evolution, and knowledge production landscape of sustainable government research related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It applies a bibliometric and science-mapping approach to analyze 347 English-language journal articles indexed in Scopus between 2016 and 2025. Data are analyzed using Biblioshiny/Bibliometrix and VOSviewer to examine publication trends, citation impact, leading authors, institutions, countries, and conceptual structures through co-occurrence and thematic mapping analyses. The results show rapid growth in scientific production, particularly after 2020, indicating increasing scholarly attention to SDG-oriented governance. Citation impact is higher among earlier publications, reflecting their foundational role in shaping the field. Knowledge production is geographically concentrated, led by China, Indonesia, the Netherlands, the United States, and Australia, supported by leading institutional hubs such as the Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development and major universities in Asia and Europe. Conceptually, governance integration, SDGs, and climate change emerge as motor themes, while sustainability functions as a foundational theme connecting governance, accountability, and policy implementation. Digital transformation and institutional innovation emerge as key enabling themes supporting sustainable governance. This study contributes by consolidating fragmented literature into an SDG-centered governance framework and provides insights into the field’s intellectual structure, thematic maturity, and future research directions.