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All Journal Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Reynante G. Bustillos
Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, San Isidro Campus, San Isidro, Nueva Ecija 3106, Philippines
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Species and Morphological Identification of Wild Macrofungi in Nueva Ecija, Philippines Reynante G. Bustillos; Kyla Marie De Guzman; Sofronio P. Kalaw; Rich Milton R. Dulay
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i1.10882

Abstract

This study was conducted to list the different species of naturally occurring macrofungi in selected municipalities in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The collected species were morphologically identified and recorded in terms of physical distribution, collection site, collection month, and climatic conditions. Opportunistic sampling was used to collect the wild mushrooms from May to July 2023 in four collection sites (San Isidro, Jaen, San Antonio, and San Leonardo). There are 53 collected fruiting bodies belonging to 2 phyla, 4 classes, 5 orders, 14 families, 21 genera, and 35 species taxa. Out of 35 species, 25 wild mushrooms were identified at their species level while 10 were identified at their genus level only. Two collected mushrooms belong to Pezizomycetes (5.71%) while the rest belong to Agaricomycetes (94.29%). The collected wild macrofungi grew solitary or gregarious in different substrates such as soil, trees, decaying logs or trunks of trees, and animal dung. Twenty-three (23) of the collected mushrooms were found to be edible, while 12 were poisonous. Site A (San Isidro) was recorded to have the highest percentage composition of macrofungi. The distribution of the macrofungi in the collection sites was found to be affected mainly by physical factors.
Growth Performance, Antioxidant, and Teratogenic Activity of Panaeolus antillarum Submerged-cultured in Coconut Water Enriched with Ascorbic Acid Reynante G. Bustillos; Emerita S. Caymo
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v18i1.30169

Abstract

Panaeolus antillarum is a mushroom commonly growing in animal dung, which has been identified to possess promising medicinal properties. This present study investigated the mycelial growth performance and bioactivities of Panaeolus antillarum in coconut water supplemented with varying concentrations of ascorbic acid. Methanolic extract of the culture-spent supplemented with the different amounts of ascorbic acid (0 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg) was used to determine the total phenolic contents (Folin-Ciocalteu), antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging activity), cytotoxic activity, and teratogenic effects in zebra fish embryo. Statistical analysis revealed the highest mycelial yield in 0 mg (control) and 5 mg with 2.06 g and 1.92 g, respectively, while the lowest was recorded in 20 mg with 0.98 g. The highest volume loss was also registered in 0 mg (18.17 mL), which was significantly different from other concentrations.  Panaeolus antillarum with 20 mg of ascorbic acid obtained the highest phenolic content (313.76 mg AAE/g sample) and maximum radical scavenging activity (83.08%). Regardless of the presence of ascorbic acid, all culture-spent of P. antillarum exhibited a toxic effect after 36 hours, with 100% mortality. Furthermore, the varying amounts of P. antillarum affected zebra fish embryos hatchability. Growth retardation was the only noted teratogenic effect of the spent material. Hence, P. antillarum could be a promising source of natural bioactive compounds that can be further studied for the possible development of pharmaceutical drugs. With these beneficial effects, this study particularly supports the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 and 15. Mushrooms are ecologically significant species in the forest and other land areas and are significantly utilized for the promotion of good health. Thus, conservation and protection of these species is necessary.
Co-Authors Emerita S. Caymo Kyla Marie De Guzman Rich Milton R. Dulay Sofronio P. Kalaw