<![CDATA[Studies on artificial intelligence (AI) ethics and digital ethics have largely been dominated by Western secular paradigms that emphasize technical and regulatory concerns such as transparency, accountability, and procedural fairness, while the metaphysical, spiritual, and philosophical dimensions of Islamic thought remain insufficiently integrated into both global debates and the Indonesian context. In particular, the contributions of classical Islamic philosophy, especially the works of Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Al-Ghazali, and Mulla Sadra, have rarely been examined as a comprehensive normative foundation for addressing contemporary challenges in AI ethics and digital transformation. This article, therefore, aims to construct a framework of digital ethics grounded in Islamic philosophy by reinterpreting the ethical insights of classical Muslim philosophers as relevant resources for AI governance, digital education, and technology policy in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative approach with a comparative-philosophical method, the study draws on critical textual analysis of key works in Islamic philosophy and places them in dialogue with global AI ethics frameworks such as the EU AI Act and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The findings demonstrate that Al-Farabi’s conception of the virtuous society and human flourishing (sa‘ādah), Ibn Sina’s integration of knowledge and moral virtue, Al-Ghazali’s spiritual critique of the misuse of knowledge, and Mulla Sadra’s metaphysics of existential becoming collectively form a holistic model of digital ethics grounded in the principles of tawḥīd, ‘adl (justice), ḥikmah (wisdom), and amānah (trust). This framework underscores that AI ethics extends beyond technological risk management to encompass moral virtue formation, social justice, and humanity’s spiritual responsibility as khalīfah fī al-arḍ (vicegerent on earth). The article contributes to the fields of Islamic theology and digital ethics by offering a philosophically grounded Islamic perspective that positions AI as a means for promoting the common good, justice, and the moral–spiritual flourishing of humanity, particularly within Indonesia as a Muslim-majority society undergoing rapid digital transformation]]>
