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All Journal Clinical Practices and Hospital Management
Septyana Eka Rahmawati
Master Program in Immunology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Campus B, Surabaya, Indonesia

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The Role of IL-21 on the Incidence of Autoimmune Disease in COVID-19 Patients Septyana Eka Rahmawati; Theresia Indah Budhy Sulisetyawati; Jusak Nugraha; Rian Anggi Destiawan
Clinical Practices and Hospital Management Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Clinical Practices and Hospital Management
Publisher : Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/cphm.v2i1.86952

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that is causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that is currently still ongoing. Clinical similarities between COVID-19 patients and symptoms suggest a definite association with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an analysis based on the literature. Search articles based on keywords “COVID-19”, “SARS-COV-2”, IL-21, “Tfh cells with years 2019-2021. Here we stand about SARS-CoV-2 which may cause autoimmunity in COVID-19 patients. IL-21 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that occurs in SARS-CoV-2 and autoimmune infections. IL-21 is capable of eliciting autocrine and paracrine features. When IL-21 observes NK cells, Treg cells, epithelial cells, mast cells, B cells and dendritic cells, it becomes paracrine. Autocrine features when IL-21 promotes NKT cells, Th17 cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells and tfh cells. The increased autocrine and paracrine levels of IL-21 found in some COVID-19 patients have contributed to the autoimmune development of COVID-19 infection. The role of IL-21 has a hyperinflammatory reaction which is a key role in the occurrence of autoimmune in COVID-19 patients.
Co-Authors Jusak Nugraha Rian Anggi Destiawan Theresia Indah Budhy Sulisetyawati