<![CDATA[Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) is a valuable essential oil crop, with its commercial quality predominantly determined by patchouli alcohol (PA), a sesquiterpene that contributes to the oil's distinctive fragrance and stability. Nonetheless, PA content exhibits considerable variability attributable to genotypic variation, developmental stage, growth conditions, in vitro culture systems, and postharvest treatment, leading to varying oil quality. This review sought to consolidate existing knowledge regarding the jasmonate–Jasmonate ZIM-domain–transcription factor regulatory network implicated in PA biosynthesis and to assess its implications for systematic production enhancement. An integrative literature analysis framed as a narrative was performed utilizing peer-reviewed papers from prominent scientific databases, of the references included in this review, approximately 90% were published between 2015 and 2025. The investigation concentrated on the interconnections between jasmonate signaling, the transcriptional regulation of patchoulol synthase, precursor availability, and quantified PA accumulation. The review indicates that jasmonate indirectly promotes PA biosynthesis by degrading Jasmonate ZIM-domain repressors and activating transcription factors that govern biosynthetic genes. Nevertheless, elevated expression of terminal pathway genes is inadequate without sufficient precursor availability, especially farnesyl diphosphate. In vitro culture and temporary immersion systems offer regulated environments for optimization based on elicitation. Comprehensive improvement of PA necessitates the coordinated management of signaling, transcriptional mechanisms, precursor flow, and cultivation conditions.]]>
