<![CDATA[Purpose - This study examines whether ESG governance moderates the relationships between carbon emission disclosure, green financing strategy, and financial performance among Indonesian banks. The study extends prior research by positioning ESG governance as a moderating variable rather than solely as a direct determinant of financial performance.Methods - The study uses panel data from 32 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2022-2024, resulting in 96 bank-year observations. Carbon emission disclosure is measured using the Carbon Disclosure Index (CDI), green financing strategy by the proportion of green financing to total financing, financial performance by Tobin’s Q, and ESG governance by ESG scores. Panel regression is conducted using the model selected through the Chow, Hausman, and Breusch-Pagan Lagrange multiplier tests.Findings - The selected Random Effects Model shows that carbon emission disclosure has a positive and statistically significant relationship with financial performance. Green financing strategy and ESG governance have no significant direct relationships with financial performance. Furthermore, ESG governance does not significantly moderate either the relationship between carbon emission disclosure and financial performance or that between green financing strategy and financial performance.Research implications - The findings indicate that carbon-related transparency may generate favorable market responses, while green financing and ESG governance require stronger institutional implementation to produce measurable financial benefits. Banks and regulators should strengthen ESG monitoring and integrate sustainability into strategic decision-making.Originality - This study contributes by examining ESG governance as a moderator of the relationships between sustainability-oriented banking practices and financial performance in the Indonesian banking context.]]>
