<![CDATA[Islamic education in Indonesia developed through a dialectic between normative Islamic values and the socio-cultural realities of Indonesian society. Two central figures who have made fundamental contributions to shaping the face of Indonesian Islamic education are KH. Ahmad Dahlan and KH. Hasyim Asy'ari. Both came with different yet complementary paradigms, methodologies, and educational orientations. This article aims to analyze the implementation of Islamic education in Indonesia from the perspective of these two figures using a historical-philosophical approach. The research method used is library research by examining primary and secondary works related to the educational thoughts of KH. Ahmad Dahlan and KH. Hasyim Asy'ari. The results show that KH. Ahmad Dahlan emphasized the integration of religious knowledge and general knowledge as a response to the challenges of modernity, while KH. Hasyim Asy'ari emphasized the importance of transmitting knowledge based on the traditions of Islamic boarding schools, adab (traditional Islamic boarding schools), and the sanad (traditional Islamic chain of knowledge). The implementation of Islamic education in Indonesia today reflects a synthesis of these two schools of thought, evident in the madrasah system, modern Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), and formal Islamic educational institutions. This article concludes that the sustainability of Indonesian Islamic education is largely determined by the ability to harmonize modern rationality and traditional spirituality, as inherited by these two figures.]]>
