<![CDATA[This research aimed to identify and analyze the factors influencing Indonesia’s implementation within the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT) cooperation framework in the tourism pillar during 2021–2024. The research focused on cross-border tourism programs and Indonesia’s domestic dynamics, particularly in the Sumatra region, in fulfilling its commitments under the subregional cooperation framework. The analysis employed the concept of tourism in International Relations and the subregional cooperation framework proposed by Myo Thant and Min Tang (1996), comprising four factors: economic complementarity, geographical proximity, political and institutional commitment, and infrastructure availability. Data were collected through document analysis and in-depth interviews with representatives of the Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Indonesia and the Centre for IMT-GT Subregional Cooperation (CIMT). The findings show that economic complementarity provided opportunities for implementation through cross-border tourism development, but was constrained by low international demand and the dominance of established tourism destinations. Geographical proximity and infrastructure availability presented challenges related to connectivity, destination management, and port facilities. Political and institutional commitment emerged as the most influential factor, as effective implementation depended on policy consistency and coordination between central and local governments. As this study is limited to Indonesia and the tourism pillar, future research could compare the implementation of all three IMT-GT member states or examine other subregional cooperation arrangements in Southeast Asia.]]>
