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All Journal Jurnal THEOREMS (The Original Research of Mathematics)
Elvina Damaiyanti
Lambung Mangkurat University

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Improving Critical Thinking Skills and Problem-Solving Abilities through The Balogo Learning Model in Grade III Students at SDN Murung Raya 3 Banjarmasin Elvina Damaiyanti; Wahdah Refia Rafianti
Jurnal THEOREMS (The Original Research of Mathematics) Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): Volume 11 Number 3 September 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Majalengka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31949/ba7hak83

Abstract

Low critical thinking skills and problem-solving abilities are common challenges encountered in elementary school Mathematics learning. This study aims to analyze the improvement of critical thinking skills and problem-solving abilities of third-grade students at SDN Murung Raya 3 Banjarmasin through the implementation of the BALOGO Learning Model an acronym for Problem Based Learning (BA), Learning Oriented Games (LO), and Group Oriented Learning (GO). This study employed a qualitative approach using Classroom Action Research conducted over four meetings with 17 students. The results showed that critical thinking skills improved from 18% in the first meeting to 82% in the fourth, while problem-solving abilities improved from 18% to 88%. These improvements were influenced not only by the model itself, but also by the repetition effect, growing teacher–student rapport, the novelty effect of new instructional media, and the advantages of a small class size of 17 students that enabled intensive mentoring. The findings imply the need for sustained integration of problem-based, game-based, and cooperative learning approaches in elementary Mathematics instruction.
Co-Authors Wahdah Refia Rafianti