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All Journal Jurnal THEOREMS (The Original Research of Mathematics)
Selvany Ayu Budianti
Lambung Mangkurat University

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Enhancing Critical Thinking and Collaboration Skills Through the Kembang Model in Mathematics Learning for Elementary School Students Selvany Ayu Budianti; Akhmad Riandy Agusta
Jurnal THEOREMS (The Original Research of Mathematics) Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): Volume 11 Number 3 September 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Majalengka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31949/ttt49648

Abstract

This study aims to describe and analyze the improvement of critical thinking and collaboration skills among fifth-grade students at SDN Kelayan Timur 12 Banjarmasin through the implementation of the KEMBANG learning model, which integrates Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL), Problem-Based Learning (PBL), and Teams Games Tournament (TGT). This model addresses issues of low critical-thinking abilities and minimal student participation resulting from monotonous teaching methods. A Classroom Action Research (CAR) design using a qualitative approach was implemented over four sessions, involving 27 fifth-grade students at SDN Kelayan Timur 12 Banjarmasin, during the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected through observation and post-session tests, then analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive techniques that combined objective calculations with descriptive explanations. The results indicate that the percentage of students achieving the “highly proficient” criterion in critical thinking rose from 41% in the first session to 89% in the fourth, while collaboration skills improved from 37% to 85% over the same period; both outcomes exceeded the 75% threshold for collective success. These findings suggest that the KEMBANG model is effective in developing critical thinking and collaboration skills in elementary school mathematics instruction.
Co-Authors Akhmad Riandy Agusta