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Aldwin Arifin
Departemen Urologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Predictors of Blood Transfusion Following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Aldwin Arifin; Nur Rasyid; Ponco Birowo; Widi Atmoko
Media of Health Research Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Media of Health Research, August 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Publikasi Ilmiah Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/mohr.v4i3.721

Abstract

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the standard treatment for large renal calculi, yet clinically significant hemorrhage necessitating transfusion remains a critical perioperative challenge. This PRISMA-guided systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate the evidence on predictors of blood transfusion or severe bleeding after PCNL. Pooled analyses identified diabetes mellitus, hypertension, urinary tract infection, renal anomalies, multiple or staghorn stones, solitary kidney phenotype, multiple access tracts, larger stone size, and longer operative time as significant risk factors. Notably, hydronephrosis demonstrated an inverse association. In conclusion, post-PCNL bleeding requiring transfusion is best conceptualized as a three-domain risk paradigm: patient susceptibility, stone complexity, and procedural intensity.
Co-Authors Nur Rasyid Ponco Birowo Widi Atmoko