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All Journal International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research
Fathin Muhammad Mahdhudhu
UPN “Veteran” Jakarta, Indonesia
Automotive Engineering Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics Transportation

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Numerical Study of Nozzle Geometry and Back Pressure Effects on High-Pressure Waterjet Propulsion Systems Fathin Muhammad Mahdhudhu; Adilia Apriliana; James Julian; Elvi Armadani; Riki Hendra Purba; Shirad Riezky Ilahi
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v11i3

Abstract

The performance of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) waterjet propulsion systems is highly dependent on nozzle geometry and environmental back pressure. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effects of nozzle length, length-to-diameter (l/d) ratio, and back pressure on thrust, velocity, flow coefficient, and hydraulic loss. The study was conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Three nozzle geometries (Cos, Conical, and Exponent) were evaluated at lengths of 40, 60, and 90 mm. The optimal geometry was then analyzed by varying the l/d ratio (1, 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4) under back pressure conditions from 0 to 1 MPa. The results indicate that the Cos nozzle with a 90 mm length yields the highest thrust and velocity. Furthermore, an l/d ratio of 1/3 demonstrates the optimal performance, achieving a near-ideal flow coefficient (0.999) and minimal hydraulic loss, particularly under low back pressure conditions. Ultimately, a Cos nozzle with a 90 mm length and an l/d ratio of 1/3 is highly recommended to maximize the propulsion efficiency of AUVs.
Co-Authors Adilia Apriliana Elvi Armadani James Julian Riki Hendra Purba Shirad Riezky Ilahi