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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory (IJCPML)
Lulut Kusumawati
Department of Clinical Pathology, Universitas Airlangga Academic Hospital, Surabaya
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience

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Correlation of NS1 Antigen and Dengue Virus Serotype with Infection Status in Dengue Patients Anindya Widyasari; Aryati; Hantoro Gunawan; Puspa Wardhani; Lulut Kusumawati; Nasronudin; Betty Agustina Tambunan; Atika
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol. 32 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v32i3.3078

Abstract

Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen is an important biomarker for the early diagnosis of dengue virus infection. However, NS1 detection may be influenced by dengue virus serotype and the host immune response during primary and secondary infections, with inconsistent findings reported across previous studies. To investigate the association between NS1 antigen positivity, dengue virus serotypes, and infection status in patients with RT-PCR-confirmed dengue infection. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 65 hospitalized patients with RT-PCR-confirmed dengue infection. Blood samples were collected within the first five days after fever onset (median, 3 days; range, 1–5 days). Dengue virus serotypes were identified using the STANDARD M10 Arbovirus Panel, while infection status was determined using the STANDARD F Dengue IgM/IgG fluorescence immunoassay. Associations between NS1 antigen positivity, dengue virus serotypes, and infection status were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Among 65 RT-PCR-confirmed cases, 55 (84.6%) were NS1-positive, and 10 (15.4%) were NS1-negative. Serotype distribution was DENV-1 (36.9%), DENV-2 (21.5%), DENV-3 (29.2%), DENV-4 (9.2%), and mixed DENV-2/DENV-3 infection (3.1%). No significant associations were found between NS1 antigen positivity and dengue virus serotypes (p = 0.969) or infection status (p = 0.456). Although NS1 positivity was higher in primary than secondary infections (86.4% vs. 66.7%), the difference was not statistically significant. NS1 antigen positivity was not significantly associated with dengue virus serotypes or infection status. The high NS1 positivity observed in this study may reflect early specimen collection during the acute phase of illness, regardless of infection status or viral serotype.
Co-Authors Anindya Widyasari Aryati Atika Betty Agustina Tambunan Hantoro Gunawan Nasronudin Puspa Wardhani