<![CDATA[The expansion of digital technology has facilitated the distribution of cinematographic works but has also enabled widespread film piracy through illegal streaming platforms. This study examines the effectiveness of Indonesia’s copyright framework in addressing digital film piracy and identifies the legal, institutional, technological, and social factors that constrain its implementation. The study employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches, with primary legal materials consisting of copyright legislation and related regulations and secondary materials drawn from legal literature and scholarly articles. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s copyright framework provides formal protection for the moral and economic rights of creators, but its enforcement faces significant practical limitations. The complaint-based nature of copyright offenses restricts proactive investigation, while limited inter-agency coordination and digital forensic capacity hinder the identification and prosecution of infringers. These limitations are compounded by mirror domains and virtual private networks, which enable illegal streaming platforms to circumvent website blocking measures. In addition, limited public awareness of copyright and barriers to accessing legitimate content contribute to the continued demand for pirated films. The study contributes to the analysis of digital copyright enforcement by demonstrating that the effectiveness of existing measures is constrained not by the absence of legal protection alone, but by the interaction between procedural limitations, enforcement capacity, technological circumvention, and demand-side factors. The findings suggest that legal reform, stronger investigative and cross-border cooperation mechanisms, and measures addressing the infrastructure and demand underlying digital piracy should be considered in strengthening copyright enforcement.]]>
