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All Journal IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI)
Thi-Lien Pham
Thai Nguyen University of Information and Communication Technology
Computer Science & IT Engineering

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Road surface defect segmentation using the U-Net deep learning model Quang-Quy Tran; Thi-Lien Pham; Huy-Manh Trieu; Minh-Tien Dang; Anh-Kiet Lam; Quoc-Trung Ha
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 15, No 5: October 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v15.i5.pp4743-4754

Abstract

The rapid expansion of transportation infrastructure in Vietnam has introduced new challenges in road maintenance, particularly in detecting and managing surface defects. Early identification and precise localization of these defects are essential to ensuring traffic safety and optimizing maintenance operations. To address these issues, this study proposes a U-Net–based deep learning model integrated with an internet of things (IoT) architecture for real-time road surface defect detection and monitoring. The proposed system operates on an embedded Raspberry Pi platform equipped with a camera, global positioning system (GPS) module, and auditory alert unit, enabling on-device inference with minimal latency. A mobile web application is also developed to visualize detected defects, record their geolocations, and support road authorities in timely maintenance planning. Experimental results on the pothole dataset demonstrate a training accuracy of 97.7%, while the model achieves a test accuracy of 89.49% on unseen data, confirming the robustness of the model under various environmental conditions. Unlike previous studies focusing solely on image-based detection, this work introduces a fully integrated IoT-driven ecosystem that bridges deep learning, embedded computing, and cloud-based visualization—enhancing automation, scalability, and real-time responsiveness in intelligent transportation systems.
Co-Authors Anh-Kiet Lam Huy-Manh Trieu Minh-Tien Dang Quang-Quy Tran Quoc-Trung Ha