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All Journal Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies
Mowafg Masuwd
Al Zawiya University, Az-Zāwiyah
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Iqraʾ–Tabayyun and Fatwa Pluralism: Verifying Islamic Legal Authority in Indonesia's Interfaith Greeting Dispute Lilik Aminah; Akhmad Sahrandi; Mowafg Masuwd
Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : State Islamic Institute of Manado (IAIN) Manado, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30984/kijms.v7i1.2221

Abstract

The 2024 controversy over interfaith greetings in Indonesia produced a concrete conflict of Islamic legal authority. The Ijtima Ulama Komisi Fatwa se-Indonesia VIII of the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI) prohibited Muslims from pronouncing greetings that contain the specific devotional prayer of another religion, while a reported Bahtsul Masail (NU's collective legal deliberation forum) decision of Lembaga Bahtsul Masail Pengurus Wilayah Nahdlatul Ulama (LBM PWNU; the Bahtsul Masail Institute of the Regional Board of Nahdlatul Ulama) in Yogyakarta permitted multi-religious greetings in official forums when they function as social courtesy and interreligious respect. This study examines that disagreement as a case of Islamic legal pluralism. Using a qualitative comparative legal case-study design, it analyzes official and institutional documents from MUI, NU, and the Indonesian state, together with scholarship on fatwa authority and legal pluralism. The findings show that the dispute turns on three legal questions: the characterization of greetings as worship or social transaction, the legal significance of intention and context, and the institutional standing of competing fatwa-producing bodies. The article reconstructs Iqraʾ–Tabayyun (reading and verification) as a legal-epistemic verification protocol for identifying authentic rulings, recovering their evidentiary context, comparing legal reasoning, and preventing one institutional position from being silently universalized. The case demonstrates that Indonesian interfaith governance operates through overlapping state and non-state normative orders whose authority is negotiated rather than singular.
Co-Authors Akhmad Sahrandi Lilik Aminah