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All Journal CAUCHY: Jurnal Matematika Murni dan Aplikasi
Rahmawati Erma Standsyah
State University of Surabaya (UNESA)
Mathematics

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A Thematic Mapping Approach to Stunting Segmentation in Indonesia by Province Using Finite Mixture Partial Least Squares Method Ayu Setya Permatasari; Rahmawati Erma Standsyah
CAUCHY: Jurnal Matematika Murni dan Aplikasi Vol 11, No 2 (2026): CAUCHY: JURNAL MATEMATIKA MURNI DAN APLIKASI
Publisher : Mathematics Department, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/cauchy.v11i2.45527

Abstract

Stunting remains one of Indonesia’s most persistent public-health problems, and the nationalprevalence conceals subtantial variation across the country’s 38 provinces. This study modelsseven latent constructs behind stunting, antenatal care, early initiation of breastfeeding,immunization, sanitation, exclusive breastfeeding, low birth weight, and stunting using PartialLeast Squares Structural Equation Modeling on 2023–2024 provincial health-profile datapublished by Indonesia’s Ministry of Health, and then applies Finite Mixture Partial LeastSquares (FIMIX-PLS) to detect unobserved heterogeneity across provinces and to translate theresulting segments into a thematic map. The measurement model satisfied every recommendedvalidity and reliability threshold, with an Average Variance Extracted between 0.835 and0.932 and both Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability above 0.80. In the pooled nationalmodel, low birth weight was the only construct with a statistically significant direct path tostunting (β = 0.540, p .001); antenatal care showed no significant direct path to stunting(β = −0.143, p = .678) but exerted a significant total effect (β = −0.365) entirely through afully mediated pathway via low birth weight (indirect effect β = −0.263, p = .022), togetherexplaining 63.0% of the variance in stunting. Model-selection criteria favored a three-segmentsolution comprising 21, 10, and 7 provinces, dominated respectively by sanitation-related,birth-weight-related, and breastfeeding-related structural pathways. Mapping these segmentsgeographically shows that provinces sharing a dominant pathway are not scattered at randombut tend to cluster by region, indicating that stunting-reduction programs should be tailoredto each segment’s dominant pathway rather than applied uniformly across the whole country.
Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling with Prediction-Oriented Segmentation for Analyzing Community Welfare in East Java Province Siti Fadilatul Khasanah; Rahmawati Erma Standsyah
CAUCHY: Jurnal Matematika Murni dan Aplikasi Vol 11, No 2 (2026): CAUCHY: JURNAL MATEMATIKA MURNI DAN APLIKASI
Publisher : Mathematics Department, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/cauchy.v11i2.45524

Abstract

This study examines the relationships between infrastructure development, community empowerment, government governance, and community welfare across 38 regencies and cities in East Java, Indonesia, using secondary data from 20222024. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze these relationships, while Partial Least SquaresPrediction-Oriented Segmentation (PLS-POS) explored regional heterogeneity. Infrastructure development was positively and significantly associated with community welfare and government governance, but negatively associated with community empowerment. Community empowerment and government governance were not significantly related to community welfare, and none of the tested indirect effects was significant. PLS-POS identified two exploratory segments: Segment 1 (14 regions; 36.84%) had relatively higher welfare and infrastructure development scores but lower empowerment and governance scores, whereas Segment 2 (24 regions; 63.16%) showed the opposite pattern relative to the overall mean. Most structural relationships showed similar patterns across segments, although the community empowermentwelfare relationship differed in sign. Run 12 achieved the highest objective criterion value among 20 runs, but variation in segment membership across random starts and the absence of formal between-segment significance tests limit the conclusions. These findings should therefore be interpreted as exploratory. Future research should use larger datasets and formal tests, such as Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) or permutation tests, to assess whether segment differences are statistically significant.
Identifying Regional Heterogeneity and Priority Factors for Infrastructure in Indonesia Using FIMIX-PLS and Importance-Performance Map Analysis Arum Nanda Putri Aprilia; Rahmawati Erma Standsyah
CAUCHY: Jurnal Matematika Murni dan Aplikasi Vol 11, No 2 (2026): CAUCHY: JURNAL MATEMATIKA MURNI DAN APLIKASI
Publisher : Mathematics Department, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/cauchy.v11i2.45621

Abstract

Infrastructure development is important for reducing regional disparities, but Indonesian provinces differ in economic conditions, human resources, and regional characteristics. This study examines the relationships between the Economy, Human Resources, and Regional Characteristics and Infrastructure in the 38 provinces of Indonesia, based on secondary data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) for 2024 and 2025. To examine the structural relationships, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed, and to investigate unobserved heterogeneity, Finite Mixture PLS (FIMIX-PLS) was used together with ImportancePerformance Map Analysis (IPMA) to determine the priorities within the segments. The model accounted for 82.3% of the variance in Infrastructure (R2 = 0.823). Yet none of the structural paths were found to be statistically significant at the 5% level: for Economy (t = 1.195, p = 0.232), for Human Resources (t = 0.895, p = 0.371), and for Regional Characteristics (t = 1.928, p = 0.054). FIMIX-PLS identified a two-segment solution, with the final partition assigning 27 provinces to Segment 1 and 11 provinces to Segment 2. IPMA showed different patterns across segments: Regional Characteristics had the highest importance in Segment 1, while Economy ranked highest in Segment 2. Regional Characteristics also had the lowest performance in both segments. As this construct represents disaster exposure rather than development quality, the results highlight the need to consider disaster risks and economic differences when setting infrastructure priorities. However, the findings remain exploratory because none of the overall structural paths were statistically significant, and the segmentation is exploratory.
Co-Authors Arum Nanda Putri Aprilia Ayu Setya Permatasari Siti Fadilatul Khasanah